3,761 research outputs found

    The concept of "character" in Dirichlet's theorem on primes in an arithmetic progression

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    In 1837, Dirichlet proved that there are infinitely many primes in any arithmetic progression in which the terms do not all share a common factor. We survey implicit and explicit uses of Dirichlet characters in presentations of Dirichlet's proof in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with an eye towards understanding some of the pragmatic pressures that shaped the evolution of modern mathematical method

    Monoids in the mapping class group

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    In this article we survey, and make a few new observations about, the surprising connection between sub-monoids of mapping class groups and interesting geometry and topology in low-dimensions.Comment: 36 pages, 18 figure
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